Timeline: James and Charlotte Bugg and family
This timeline documents all the information discovered for James and Charlotte Bugg and their family, with associated source-references. James and Charlotte Bugg were the parents of Mary Ann Bugg. Copies of most of the baptism entries and birth, marriage and death certificates mentioned below are accessible via the webpage for James and Charlotte Bugg. Many of the referenced newspapers are now accessible online (see Newspapers Online).
Copyright Carol Baxter 2011
Surname Bugg, deriving from Middle English bugge, means ‘hobgoblin, bogy, scarecrow’, etc.[1]
23 Oct 1801: James Bugg was born at Little Horkesley, Essex, England, the illegitimate second child of John Bugg and Elizabeth Dobson/Dopson who lived together for many years; 21 Nov: a formal Bastardy examination was conducted to determine his paternity and whether the father would support him[2]
29 Jun 1825: James Bugg and Joseph Constable stole 2 lambs, a wether sheep and two pigs from William Partridge at Great Horkesley; 12 Jul: tried at the Essex Assizes held at Chelmsford on charges of stealing meat and found guilty; 18 Jul: sentence of death recorded and reprieved to life transportation; according to Tunchon (no source-reference provided), James identified himself as James Dobson when arrested[3]
21 Mar 1826: Bugg arrived Sydney per convict transport Sesostris (incorrectly listed as Brigg and officially known by that surname throughout his convict servitude); listed in Convict Indents as shepherd, protestant, literate, no former convictions, 4/4½ in height (but later convict records listed him as 5/5, fresh complexion, right eye hazel, left eye grey, lost second finger on right hand; suffered ‘purulent opthalmia’ (an eye inflammation) during the journey and was sent to Sydney Hospital upon the transport’s arrival; later discharged to Government employment for some months[4]
15 Jan 1827: Assigned to Australian Agricultural Company (A.A.Co.) and responsible for a flock near Port Stephens; Jul 1827: at MacLaughlin’s station between Port Stephens and Stroud; Oct 1827: stationed at Turnby (just north of their No.1 Farm); Nov 1827: placed in charge of Flock No.8 at Tooke’s (now Lawlers) Range near Monkerai, some 12 miles north-north-west of Stroud; Feb-Apr 1828: in charge of Flock No.8 at Telligherry (now Telegherry), 3 miles north of Stroud; 31 Jul 1828; paid £5 for previous quarter-year in lieu of slop clothing; Nov 1828: listed in Census as labourer with A.A. Co. at Port Stephens; circa 1829: promoted to overseer of a A.A.Co’s sheep station; 30 Apr 1829: to be paid allowance of £20 plus rations (perhaps around the time he was appointed as overseer); 8 Nov 1831: Commissioner Edward Parry mentioned stopping at Bugg’s to bait and change horses and remarked how lavish and unnecessary it was to give them £20 a year; 13 Jan 1832: Commissioner Parry records that he heard that Haines the bushranger was caught at Bugg’s sheep station[5]
Early-mid 1833: Established a relationship with an Aboriginal woman named Charlotte (James probably gave her this name himself); Charlotte, according to her death certificate, was born around 1813[6]
7 May 1834: Daughter Mary Ann born in Gloucester district (almost certainly at Berrico out-station) to James Bugg and ‘an Aboriginal woman’; letter to Colonial Secretary dated 25 Feb 1839, the day after Mary Ann’s baptism, records that she was born on 10 May 1834 however this is less likely to be correct than the baptism entry; listed on mother’s death certificate in 1861 but not on father’s in 1879 (see Mary Ann Bugg)[7]
NB. The informant for the latter certificate was James’s son-in-law, George Rudkin, the widowed and remarried husband of James’ daughter Elizabeth, so the certificate’s secondary-source information is less reliable than that provided by an immediate family member; among the many “not knowns”, Rudkin omits another living son, William
31 Oct 1834: Port Stephens bench (of magistrates) recommends ticket-of-leave for Goulburn district[8]
31 Dec 1834: ‘James Brigg’ received ticket-of-leave for Goulburn district on recommendation of Port Stephens bench, dated 31 Oct 1834, but apparently did not relocate there[9]
8 May 1835: Bugg attacked by Aboriginal tribesmen while sitting outside his hut at Berrico; 13 May 1835: Aboriginals killed an overseer (Alfred Simmons) and four shepherds at R.R. Mackenzie’s Whattonbakh out-station, 12 miles from Bugg’s; May 1835 +: great unrest in Williams River district with demands that authorities take revenge and calls for a Vagrancy Law to stop runaway whites inciting the Aboriginals; 11 Jun 1835: Bugg and others signed depositions regarding attack; 22 Aug 1835: Charley, an Aboriginal, tried for Alfred Simmons’ murder at Sydney’s Supreme Court and sentenced to death; 4 Sep 1835: Charley executed at Dungog; 9 Aug 1836: James Bugg signed deposition regarding Cobawn Paddy, another of the Whattonbakh killers[10]
5 Oct 1835: Permission granted for ‘James Brigg’s’ ticket-of-leave to be changed from Goulburn to Port Stephens[11]
5 Feb 1836: Son John born to James Bugg and ‘an Aboriginal woman’; 24 Feb 1839: baptised at Gloucester; listed on mother’s death certificate in 1861 but not on father’s in 1879; almost certainly the ‘half-caste’ John Bug who died on 10 Jun 1868 near Goulburn (drunk and fell off horse)[12]
1837 Convict Muster lists: James Brigg, Ticket of Leave, Port Stephens[13]
Late 1837: James Bugg apparently talked to Edward Robins, A.A.Co. Supt at Gloucester, about his children’s education, and Robins subsequently wrote to Henry Dumaresq, Commissioner for A.A.Co., about the same; 20 Nov 1837: Commissioner Dumaresq wrote to Robins saying that, in response to his application regarding the Bugg children, the Bishop had replied that they could be placed either at Wellington Valley (an Aboriginal Mission) or at Port Phillip (the Native Institution), and that Bugg was to choose where he wished to send them; 2 Dec 1837: Dumaresq wrote to Rev. W. Cowper in Sydney requesting permission for the Bugg children to be admitted to the Wellington Valley Mission, adding that James Bugg could provide £20 for each of the children to assist with their education; Dec 1837: Dumaresq received a response from the Church Missionary Society saying that the children could not be admitted to Wellington Valley and suggesting the Orphan School instead; 1 Jan 1838: Dumaresq wrote to the Colonial Secretary requesting the Governor’s permission to have the Bugg children admitted to the Orphan School; Questions raised in official circles as to whether the A.A.Co. had established a school at Port Stephens (answer from Rev Cowper in the negative); suggestion that the Native Institution at Port Phillip might be more suitable for the Bugg children; 5 Feb: Letter from Colonial Secretary to Dumaresq stating that Governor believed that the Native Institution was the most eligible place for the children, but that they may be placed in the Orphan School in the meantime; 5 March 1838: Dumaresq died and the matter dropped[14]
16 Jan 1838: List of unclaimed letters for Quarter ending 31 Dec 1837: James Bugg[15]
28 Jun 1838: Letter written by T.C. Harrington, Colonial Secretary’s Office, to Commissioner of A.A.Co. stating that ‘the attention of the Governor having been drawn to alleged fact of Black or Aboriginal women frequently living and travelling about the Country with assigned servants of the Company’ and advising that all the Company’s assigned servants in the particular district would be withdrawn if this was proved to be the case; 7 Jul 1838: J. Edward Ebsworth, interim Commissioner, to Colonial Secretary’s Office stating that no specific infractions had been specified, that they responded appropriately when such infractions were discovered but that many servants were beyond his immediate observation and control; 22 Dec 1838: J.S. Brownrigg to Lord Glenelg regarding the NSW Governor’s threat; 17 Jan 1839: Sir George Grey to J.S. Brownrigg responding to A.A.Co.’s concerns[16]
12 Oct 1838: Letter from Rev William M. Cowper, 28 Sep 1838, mentioning Charlotte’s actions in protecting James Bugg[17]
24 Feb 1839: Mary Ann and John Bugg, children of James Bugg and an ‘Aboriginal woman’, baptised at estate of Australian Agricultural Company, Gloucester, by Rev. William M. Cowper; James Bugg listed as Overseer of Shepherds residing Gloucester[18]
25 Feb 1839: Letter from J. Edward Ebsworth, A.A.Co., to Colonial Secretary reminding him that permission has been granted for James Bugg’s two children to be admitted to the Orphan School but that delays had occurred in admitting the children to the Protestant Church and in arranging for their father to accompany them, that they had been baptised the previous day and that Bugg was proceeding with the children to Sydney[19]
NB. Presumably Bugg would have required a Ticket of Leave Pass to undertake such a journey
Circa 1839: Daughter Eliza born to James Bugg and Charlotte probably between Feb and May 1839 (as indicated by the ages she provided for herself on her children’s birth certificates, which would explain why she was not baptised at the same time as Mary Ann and John Bugg); married Tan Shung on 9 Mar 1858 at Dungog (later known as John Tan Shung, and his surname eventually evolving to become Tunchon); resided at Main Creek near Dungog 1858-1863 & Monkerai 1865-1870; died 13 Jun 1905 Newington Asylum, Silverwater NSW; issue: James (c1855), Mary Elizabeth Charlotte (1858), John Thomas (1859), William (1861), Charles (1863), Joseph Edward (1867), Charlotte Jane (1870), twin sons, one dark and still-born, the other white and ‘death-born’ (1873) and Anne (1879)[20]
NB. While no baptism entry has survived for Eliza, she listed James and Charlotte as her parents on her marriage certificate, was included among Charlotte’s children on the latter’s death certificate, and included Charlotte in the names of two of her daughters; moreover, independent confirmation of her birth to the Bugg family is found in the register of mid-wife Mrs J.J. Banks who made a note in 1873 regarding the birth of Eliza’s twin sons: ‘This woman is a half-caste – as her mother was a black gin and her father was James Bugg and she herself was a Chinaman’s wife so she had one a black and the other white
24 Jan 1840: J. Edward Ebsworth provided supportive testimony on back of James Bugg’s petition for a Conditional Pardon; 10 Feb 1840: Police Magistrate Thomas Cook also provided testimony supporting Bugg’s petition: 14 Aug 1840: ‘James Brigg’s’ petition for Conditional Pardon received in Colonial Secretary’s Office and states that he had been an overseer of an Australian Agricultural Company Sheep Stations for nearly 12 years; Aug 1840: note on petition that it was not recommended as he had not held his Ticket-of-leave for 6 years; 3 Sep 1840: application officially refused as he had not held a ticket-of-leave for long enough to be eligible, with the advice that he could re-apply in Dec 1840[21]
Jan 1841: Son William born to James and Charlotte Bugg; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; illiterate; 1861: farm labourer; 1864: farmer at Monkerey; 31 May 1864: married Emily Graham at Dungog; 1864-66: residing Port Stephens district; 1864-85: had children whose births were registered as follows: Samuel (1864-1879), Jane (1866), Adelaide/Hannah (c1868), William (1869), Elizabeth (1871-1872), Thomas (1873), James (1877), John (1880), Joseph (1882), Rachel (1885); 10 Feb 1896: died Taree, a labourer[22]
1 Jul 1841: James Brigg’ issued with Conditional Pardon; approval from Secretary of State dated 22 Apr 1842; Final paperwork signed by Sir George Gipps on 14 Sep 1842; physical description: born 1801, 5/5 in height, fresh complexion, dark brown hair, grey eyes, horizontal scar on forehead, scar on top of nose (both probably acquired during Berrico attack), lost second joint of third finger of right hand[23]
6 Sep 1841: Bishop Broughton to Rev. Cowper refusing permission for his request to marry an employee of the A.A.Co. and an Aboriginal woman. NB. Family stories and anecdotes/gossip indicate that James attempted to marry Charlotte but was rejected. This reference was almost certainly to James Bugg; as it was after his receipt of a Conditional Pardon, he did not apply as a convict, just as a parishioner[24]
May 1843: Son James born to James Bugg and Charlotte; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; alive in 1879 and listed as James Thomas on his father’s death certificate; married Harriet Relf in 1871 at Nundle: had children John Thomas (1872), Myra/Maud/Mary Jane (c1874), James William Leonard (c1877), unnamed male (1878), unnamed female (1879-1879), unnamed female (1881), Alice Maud (1883), Harriet (c1885), unnamed (1886-1886), Elizabeth (1887-1887), Jane (1890)[25]
Sep 1845: Daughter Jane born to James Bugg and Charlotte; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; married Evangelist Relf at Port Stephens in 1872; had children: Thomas (1873), Evangelist (1876), Elizabeth Jane (1879) and Louisa Ellen (1881); died 13 Jun 1885 Ward’s River, buried Stroud[26]
11 Nov 1846: James Bugg donated 5 shillings and John Bugg 2 shillings to the Hunter River District’s branch of the Irish Relief Fund; if this was Mary Ann’s father and brother (as seems likely), it would suggest that Mary Ann’s brother, and presumably herself, had returned to Berrico from their schooling by that time[27]
26 Apr 1847: Principal Supt of Convicts to Colonial Secretary transmitting Conditional Pardons for ‘James Brigg’ and others in order that they may be extended pursuant to Govt notice of 2 Dec 1846, stating that none of these men appeared to have disqualified themselves; 22 Jun 1847: Conditional pardon of “James Brigg” per Sesostris extended allowing him to leave Australian and travel anywhere in the world except for Great Britain and Ireland[28]
1 Jun 1847: Daughter Elizabeth born to James Bugg and Charlotte; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; married George Rudkin in 1875 at Port Stephens; had children: James H. (1875), Joseph (1877); Elizabeth died 1877/78 (as her husband remarried in 1878); George Rudkin of Wards River acted as informant on James Bugg’s death certificate in 1879[29]
5 Nov 1847: James Bugg named as sole executor in will of Joseph Burbage, formerly overseer of A.A.Co.[30]
1 Jun 1848: Mary Ann Bugg married Edmund Baker at Stroud (see Mary Ann Bugg)[31]
21 Sep 1848: James Bugg and Charlotte Bugg, both of Gloucester, married in Presbyterian ceremony performed by William Purves; also children William, James, Jane and Elizabeth baptised; James Bugg listed as shepherd of Gloucester[32]
Circa 1849: P.G. King’s draft map of AACo’s Port Stephens Estate shows Bugg’s station opposite the junction of Bugg’s Creek with the Gloucester River, about 6km north-east of the hamlet of Berrico[33]
17 Mar 1850: Son Thomas born to James and Charlotte Bugg (at Curricabank according to his death certificate – information provided by Hospital Matron); 21 Apr 1855: baptised in Presbyterian ceremony, Manning River district (mother listed as Mary – evidently in error as Thomas was among the children listed on Charlotte Bugg’s death certificate and Charlotte was listed as Thomas’ mother on his own death certificate); unmarried; 6 Nov 1903: died at Cottage Hospital, Dungog[34]
18 Mar 1851: According to Tunchon, James Bugg signed a Presentation Document expressing gratitude to James Edward Ebsworth upon his retirement from A.A.Co. and Bugg’s signature was fourth of some 100 A.A.Co. staff[35]
5 Nov 1853: James Brigg’s extended Conditional Pardon delivered to Mr Corbett’s, residing near Solomon’s Temple public house (Tunchon notes that Joseph Abraham Levy’s Solomon’s Temple public house lay at 119 Clarence Street, Sydney)[36]
21 Apr 1855: Son Thomas Bugg baptised in Presbyterian ceremony in Manning River district; parents listed as James and Mary (sic) Bugg; James listed as Overseer of Sheep; residing Gloucester (district)[37]
Jun 1855: AACo Assistant General Superintendent James Charles White reported to Captain Brownrigg, General Superintendent, that James Bugg "who has turned out a drunkard is to leave and his station will be placed in charge of Reid"; 30 Jun 1855: Tunchon states that James Bugg left A.A.Co.’s service (no source reference)[38]
Pre Nov 1855: Settled at Monkerai in the Dungog district[39]
17 Nov 1855: James Bugg at the Monkray advertises a £10 reward for the recovery of a filly that strayed or was stolen from the A.A.Co’s paddocks at Stroud on 7 July 1855[40]
1 Sep 1857: Commencement of sub-lease from A.A.Co. to James Bugg for Church & School lands, Sections 11, 12 & 14 of Parish of Trevor, County Gloucester, comprising 2320 acres for £11 p.a. for 17 years[41]
26 Apr 1861: Charlotte Bugg, “an Aboriginal”, died at Monkrey aged 48 years; buried 28 Apr at Bugg’s Farm, Monkrey[42]
31 Dec 1862: Reference to Bugg’s lease as now being for 20 years and at a rental of £16 p.a.[43]
23 May 1863: Tunchon refers to signature date on lease which commenced four years previously now at £22 p.a. to commence on 1 Mar 1870 [from ANU ABL 1/50-1870][44]
9 Jul 1863: James Bugg cautions against trespassing on his block of Church and School Land on the Karuah River[45]
5 Feb 1869: Small debts court, Dungog: Cleaver vs Bugg, regarding goods sold. Verdict for plaintiff (Cleaver), one shilling plus costs[46]
1869/70: James Bugg of Monkerai entitled to vote by reason of leasehold at Karuah[47]
28 Feb 1870: Bugg’s Lease cancelled[48]
1 Mar 1870: Lease between AACo and James Bugg, Karuah River, farmer, to hold until 28 Feb 1874 (29 Feb 1876 initially written but crossed out), 2320 acres at annual rent £22 p.a.; W.K. Birrell writes (quoted by Tunchon) that in 1872 the A.A.Co. leasing of Church and School Lands was terminated and these lands reverted to Crown control.’[49]
1870/71 James Bugg of Monkerai entitled to vote by reason of leasehold at Karuah[50]
24 Feb 1871: George Relf publishes notice cautioning all clergymen against marrying his daughter Harriet Relf to James Bugg as she was not of age and did not have his permission[51]
1872: James Bugg, farmer, Monkerai[52]
Feb 1872: James Bugg among signatories to request that John Nowlan continue representing electors in Williams Electorate; Nowlan agreed to do so, 16 Feb 1872[53]
Jun 1874: James and Thomas Bugg (presumably James and Charlotte’s sons) ran in a 150-yard foot-race at the Denison Diggings, coming third and fourth respectively[54]
Dec 1874: James Bugg among signatories to request that Captain W. Watson allow himself to be nominated for the Williams Electorate, 7 Dec 1874; Watson agreed to do so[55]
1 Jul 1879: James Bugg, farmer, died at Monkerai aged “77 years and eight months”; buried 3 Jul at Stroud[56]
See also James Bugg - Australian Agricultural Company
23 Oct 1801: James Bugg was born at Little Horkesley, Essex, England, the illegitimate second child of John Bugg and Elizabeth Dobson/Dopson who lived together for many years; 21 Nov: a formal Bastardy examination was conducted to determine his paternity and whether the father would support him[2]
29 Jun 1825: James Bugg and Joseph Constable stole 2 lambs, a wether sheep and two pigs from William Partridge at Great Horkesley; 12 Jul: tried at the Essex Assizes held at Chelmsford on charges of stealing meat and found guilty; 18 Jul: sentence of death recorded and reprieved to life transportation; according to Tunchon (no source-reference provided), James identified himself as James Dobson when arrested[3]
21 Mar 1826: Bugg arrived Sydney per convict transport Sesostris (incorrectly listed as Brigg and officially known by that surname throughout his convict servitude); listed in Convict Indents as shepherd, protestant, literate, no former convictions, 4/4½ in height (but later convict records listed him as 5/5, fresh complexion, right eye hazel, left eye grey, lost second finger on right hand; suffered ‘purulent opthalmia’ (an eye inflammation) during the journey and was sent to Sydney Hospital upon the transport’s arrival; later discharged to Government employment for some months[4]
15 Jan 1827: Assigned to Australian Agricultural Company (A.A.Co.) and responsible for a flock near Port Stephens; Jul 1827: at MacLaughlin’s station between Port Stephens and Stroud; Oct 1827: stationed at Turnby (just north of their No.1 Farm); Nov 1827: placed in charge of Flock No.8 at Tooke’s (now Lawlers) Range near Monkerai, some 12 miles north-north-west of Stroud; Feb-Apr 1828: in charge of Flock No.8 at Telligherry (now Telegherry), 3 miles north of Stroud; 31 Jul 1828; paid £5 for previous quarter-year in lieu of slop clothing; Nov 1828: listed in Census as labourer with A.A. Co. at Port Stephens; circa 1829: promoted to overseer of a A.A.Co’s sheep station; 30 Apr 1829: to be paid allowance of £20 plus rations (perhaps around the time he was appointed as overseer); 8 Nov 1831: Commissioner Edward Parry mentioned stopping at Bugg’s to bait and change horses and remarked how lavish and unnecessary it was to give them £20 a year; 13 Jan 1832: Commissioner Parry records that he heard that Haines the bushranger was caught at Bugg’s sheep station[5]
Early-mid 1833: Established a relationship with an Aboriginal woman named Charlotte (James probably gave her this name himself); Charlotte, according to her death certificate, was born around 1813[6]
7 May 1834: Daughter Mary Ann born in Gloucester district (almost certainly at Berrico out-station) to James Bugg and ‘an Aboriginal woman’; letter to Colonial Secretary dated 25 Feb 1839, the day after Mary Ann’s baptism, records that she was born on 10 May 1834 however this is less likely to be correct than the baptism entry; listed on mother’s death certificate in 1861 but not on father’s in 1879 (see Mary Ann Bugg)[7]
NB. The informant for the latter certificate was James’s son-in-law, George Rudkin, the widowed and remarried husband of James’ daughter Elizabeth, so the certificate’s secondary-source information is less reliable than that provided by an immediate family member; among the many “not knowns”, Rudkin omits another living son, William
31 Oct 1834: Port Stephens bench (of magistrates) recommends ticket-of-leave for Goulburn district[8]
31 Dec 1834: ‘James Brigg’ received ticket-of-leave for Goulburn district on recommendation of Port Stephens bench, dated 31 Oct 1834, but apparently did not relocate there[9]
8 May 1835: Bugg attacked by Aboriginal tribesmen while sitting outside his hut at Berrico; 13 May 1835: Aboriginals killed an overseer (Alfred Simmons) and four shepherds at R.R. Mackenzie’s Whattonbakh out-station, 12 miles from Bugg’s; May 1835 +: great unrest in Williams River district with demands that authorities take revenge and calls for a Vagrancy Law to stop runaway whites inciting the Aboriginals; 11 Jun 1835: Bugg and others signed depositions regarding attack; 22 Aug 1835: Charley, an Aboriginal, tried for Alfred Simmons’ murder at Sydney’s Supreme Court and sentenced to death; 4 Sep 1835: Charley executed at Dungog; 9 Aug 1836: James Bugg signed deposition regarding Cobawn Paddy, another of the Whattonbakh killers[10]
5 Oct 1835: Permission granted for ‘James Brigg’s’ ticket-of-leave to be changed from Goulburn to Port Stephens[11]
5 Feb 1836: Son John born to James Bugg and ‘an Aboriginal woman’; 24 Feb 1839: baptised at Gloucester; listed on mother’s death certificate in 1861 but not on father’s in 1879; almost certainly the ‘half-caste’ John Bug who died on 10 Jun 1868 near Goulburn (drunk and fell off horse)[12]
1837 Convict Muster lists: James Brigg, Ticket of Leave, Port Stephens[13]
Late 1837: James Bugg apparently talked to Edward Robins, A.A.Co. Supt at Gloucester, about his children’s education, and Robins subsequently wrote to Henry Dumaresq, Commissioner for A.A.Co., about the same; 20 Nov 1837: Commissioner Dumaresq wrote to Robins saying that, in response to his application regarding the Bugg children, the Bishop had replied that they could be placed either at Wellington Valley (an Aboriginal Mission) or at Port Phillip (the Native Institution), and that Bugg was to choose where he wished to send them; 2 Dec 1837: Dumaresq wrote to Rev. W. Cowper in Sydney requesting permission for the Bugg children to be admitted to the Wellington Valley Mission, adding that James Bugg could provide £20 for each of the children to assist with their education; Dec 1837: Dumaresq received a response from the Church Missionary Society saying that the children could not be admitted to Wellington Valley and suggesting the Orphan School instead; 1 Jan 1838: Dumaresq wrote to the Colonial Secretary requesting the Governor’s permission to have the Bugg children admitted to the Orphan School; Questions raised in official circles as to whether the A.A.Co. had established a school at Port Stephens (answer from Rev Cowper in the negative); suggestion that the Native Institution at Port Phillip might be more suitable for the Bugg children; 5 Feb: Letter from Colonial Secretary to Dumaresq stating that Governor believed that the Native Institution was the most eligible place for the children, but that they may be placed in the Orphan School in the meantime; 5 March 1838: Dumaresq died and the matter dropped[14]
16 Jan 1838: List of unclaimed letters for Quarter ending 31 Dec 1837: James Bugg[15]
28 Jun 1838: Letter written by T.C. Harrington, Colonial Secretary’s Office, to Commissioner of A.A.Co. stating that ‘the attention of the Governor having been drawn to alleged fact of Black or Aboriginal women frequently living and travelling about the Country with assigned servants of the Company’ and advising that all the Company’s assigned servants in the particular district would be withdrawn if this was proved to be the case; 7 Jul 1838: J. Edward Ebsworth, interim Commissioner, to Colonial Secretary’s Office stating that no specific infractions had been specified, that they responded appropriately when such infractions were discovered but that many servants were beyond his immediate observation and control; 22 Dec 1838: J.S. Brownrigg to Lord Glenelg regarding the NSW Governor’s threat; 17 Jan 1839: Sir George Grey to J.S. Brownrigg responding to A.A.Co.’s concerns[16]
12 Oct 1838: Letter from Rev William M. Cowper, 28 Sep 1838, mentioning Charlotte’s actions in protecting James Bugg[17]
24 Feb 1839: Mary Ann and John Bugg, children of James Bugg and an ‘Aboriginal woman’, baptised at estate of Australian Agricultural Company, Gloucester, by Rev. William M. Cowper; James Bugg listed as Overseer of Shepherds residing Gloucester[18]
25 Feb 1839: Letter from J. Edward Ebsworth, A.A.Co., to Colonial Secretary reminding him that permission has been granted for James Bugg’s two children to be admitted to the Orphan School but that delays had occurred in admitting the children to the Protestant Church and in arranging for their father to accompany them, that they had been baptised the previous day and that Bugg was proceeding with the children to Sydney[19]
NB. Presumably Bugg would have required a Ticket of Leave Pass to undertake such a journey
Circa 1839: Daughter Eliza born to James Bugg and Charlotte probably between Feb and May 1839 (as indicated by the ages she provided for herself on her children’s birth certificates, which would explain why she was not baptised at the same time as Mary Ann and John Bugg); married Tan Shung on 9 Mar 1858 at Dungog (later known as John Tan Shung, and his surname eventually evolving to become Tunchon); resided at Main Creek near Dungog 1858-1863 & Monkerai 1865-1870; died 13 Jun 1905 Newington Asylum, Silverwater NSW; issue: James (c1855), Mary Elizabeth Charlotte (1858), John Thomas (1859), William (1861), Charles (1863), Joseph Edward (1867), Charlotte Jane (1870), twin sons, one dark and still-born, the other white and ‘death-born’ (1873) and Anne (1879)[20]
NB. While no baptism entry has survived for Eliza, she listed James and Charlotte as her parents on her marriage certificate, was included among Charlotte’s children on the latter’s death certificate, and included Charlotte in the names of two of her daughters; moreover, independent confirmation of her birth to the Bugg family is found in the register of mid-wife Mrs J.J. Banks who made a note in 1873 regarding the birth of Eliza’s twin sons: ‘This woman is a half-caste – as her mother was a black gin and her father was James Bugg and she herself was a Chinaman’s wife so she had one a black and the other white
24 Jan 1840: J. Edward Ebsworth provided supportive testimony on back of James Bugg’s petition for a Conditional Pardon; 10 Feb 1840: Police Magistrate Thomas Cook also provided testimony supporting Bugg’s petition: 14 Aug 1840: ‘James Brigg’s’ petition for Conditional Pardon received in Colonial Secretary’s Office and states that he had been an overseer of an Australian Agricultural Company Sheep Stations for nearly 12 years; Aug 1840: note on petition that it was not recommended as he had not held his Ticket-of-leave for 6 years; 3 Sep 1840: application officially refused as he had not held a ticket-of-leave for long enough to be eligible, with the advice that he could re-apply in Dec 1840[21]
Jan 1841: Son William born to James and Charlotte Bugg; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; illiterate; 1861: farm labourer; 1864: farmer at Monkerey; 31 May 1864: married Emily Graham at Dungog; 1864-66: residing Port Stephens district; 1864-85: had children whose births were registered as follows: Samuel (1864-1879), Jane (1866), Adelaide/Hannah (c1868), William (1869), Elizabeth (1871-1872), Thomas (1873), James (1877), John (1880), Joseph (1882), Rachel (1885); 10 Feb 1896: died Taree, a labourer[22]
1 Jul 1841: James Brigg’ issued with Conditional Pardon; approval from Secretary of State dated 22 Apr 1842; Final paperwork signed by Sir George Gipps on 14 Sep 1842; physical description: born 1801, 5/5 in height, fresh complexion, dark brown hair, grey eyes, horizontal scar on forehead, scar on top of nose (both probably acquired during Berrico attack), lost second joint of third finger of right hand[23]
6 Sep 1841: Bishop Broughton to Rev. Cowper refusing permission for his request to marry an employee of the A.A.Co. and an Aboriginal woman. NB. Family stories and anecdotes/gossip indicate that James attempted to marry Charlotte but was rejected. This reference was almost certainly to James Bugg; as it was after his receipt of a Conditional Pardon, he did not apply as a convict, just as a parishioner[24]
May 1843: Son James born to James Bugg and Charlotte; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; alive in 1879 and listed as James Thomas on his father’s death certificate; married Harriet Relf in 1871 at Nundle: had children John Thomas (1872), Myra/Maud/Mary Jane (c1874), James William Leonard (c1877), unnamed male (1878), unnamed female (1879-1879), unnamed female (1881), Alice Maud (1883), Harriet (c1885), unnamed (1886-1886), Elizabeth (1887-1887), Jane (1890)[25]
Sep 1845: Daughter Jane born to James Bugg and Charlotte; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; married Evangelist Relf at Port Stephens in 1872; had children: Thomas (1873), Evangelist (1876), Elizabeth Jane (1879) and Louisa Ellen (1881); died 13 Jun 1885 Ward’s River, buried Stroud[26]
11 Nov 1846: James Bugg donated 5 shillings and John Bugg 2 shillings to the Hunter River District’s branch of the Irish Relief Fund; if this was Mary Ann’s father and brother (as seems likely), it would suggest that Mary Ann’s brother, and presumably herself, had returned to Berrico from their schooling by that time[27]
26 Apr 1847: Principal Supt of Convicts to Colonial Secretary transmitting Conditional Pardons for ‘James Brigg’ and others in order that they may be extended pursuant to Govt notice of 2 Dec 1846, stating that none of these men appeared to have disqualified themselves; 22 Jun 1847: Conditional pardon of “James Brigg” per Sesostris extended allowing him to leave Australian and travel anywhere in the world except for Great Britain and Ireland[28]
1 Jun 1847: Daughter Elizabeth born to James Bugg and Charlotte; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; married George Rudkin in 1875 at Port Stephens; had children: James H. (1875), Joseph (1877); Elizabeth died 1877/78 (as her husband remarried in 1878); George Rudkin of Wards River acted as informant on James Bugg’s death certificate in 1879[29]
5 Nov 1847: James Bugg named as sole executor in will of Joseph Burbage, formerly overseer of A.A.Co.[30]
1 Jun 1848: Mary Ann Bugg married Edmund Baker at Stroud (see Mary Ann Bugg)[31]
21 Sep 1848: James Bugg and Charlotte Bugg, both of Gloucester, married in Presbyterian ceremony performed by William Purves; also children William, James, Jane and Elizabeth baptised; James Bugg listed as shepherd of Gloucester[32]
Circa 1849: P.G. King’s draft map of AACo’s Port Stephens Estate shows Bugg’s station opposite the junction of Bugg’s Creek with the Gloucester River, about 6km north-east of the hamlet of Berrico[33]
17 Mar 1850: Son Thomas born to James and Charlotte Bugg (at Curricabank according to his death certificate – information provided by Hospital Matron); 21 Apr 1855: baptised in Presbyterian ceremony, Manning River district (mother listed as Mary – evidently in error as Thomas was among the children listed on Charlotte Bugg’s death certificate and Charlotte was listed as Thomas’ mother on his own death certificate); unmarried; 6 Nov 1903: died at Cottage Hospital, Dungog[34]
18 Mar 1851: According to Tunchon, James Bugg signed a Presentation Document expressing gratitude to James Edward Ebsworth upon his retirement from A.A.Co. and Bugg’s signature was fourth of some 100 A.A.Co. staff[35]
5 Nov 1853: James Brigg’s extended Conditional Pardon delivered to Mr Corbett’s, residing near Solomon’s Temple public house (Tunchon notes that Joseph Abraham Levy’s Solomon’s Temple public house lay at 119 Clarence Street, Sydney)[36]
21 Apr 1855: Son Thomas Bugg baptised in Presbyterian ceremony in Manning River district; parents listed as James and Mary (sic) Bugg; James listed as Overseer of Sheep; residing Gloucester (district)[37]
Jun 1855: AACo Assistant General Superintendent James Charles White reported to Captain Brownrigg, General Superintendent, that James Bugg "who has turned out a drunkard is to leave and his station will be placed in charge of Reid"; 30 Jun 1855: Tunchon states that James Bugg left A.A.Co.’s service (no source reference)[38]
Pre Nov 1855: Settled at Monkerai in the Dungog district[39]
17 Nov 1855: James Bugg at the Monkray advertises a £10 reward for the recovery of a filly that strayed or was stolen from the A.A.Co’s paddocks at Stroud on 7 July 1855[40]
1 Sep 1857: Commencement of sub-lease from A.A.Co. to James Bugg for Church & School lands, Sections 11, 12 & 14 of Parish of Trevor, County Gloucester, comprising 2320 acres for £11 p.a. for 17 years[41]
26 Apr 1861: Charlotte Bugg, “an Aboriginal”, died at Monkrey aged 48 years; buried 28 Apr at Bugg’s Farm, Monkrey[42]
31 Dec 1862: Reference to Bugg’s lease as now being for 20 years and at a rental of £16 p.a.[43]
23 May 1863: Tunchon refers to signature date on lease which commenced four years previously now at £22 p.a. to commence on 1 Mar 1870 [from ANU ABL 1/50-1870][44]
9 Jul 1863: James Bugg cautions against trespassing on his block of Church and School Land on the Karuah River[45]
5 Feb 1869: Small debts court, Dungog: Cleaver vs Bugg, regarding goods sold. Verdict for plaintiff (Cleaver), one shilling plus costs[46]
1869/70: James Bugg of Monkerai entitled to vote by reason of leasehold at Karuah[47]
28 Feb 1870: Bugg’s Lease cancelled[48]
1 Mar 1870: Lease between AACo and James Bugg, Karuah River, farmer, to hold until 28 Feb 1874 (29 Feb 1876 initially written but crossed out), 2320 acres at annual rent £22 p.a.; W.K. Birrell writes (quoted by Tunchon) that in 1872 the A.A.Co. leasing of Church and School Lands was terminated and these lands reverted to Crown control.’[49]
1870/71 James Bugg of Monkerai entitled to vote by reason of leasehold at Karuah[50]
24 Feb 1871: George Relf publishes notice cautioning all clergymen against marrying his daughter Harriet Relf to James Bugg as she was not of age and did not have his permission[51]
1872: James Bugg, farmer, Monkerai[52]
Feb 1872: James Bugg among signatories to request that John Nowlan continue representing electors in Williams Electorate; Nowlan agreed to do so, 16 Feb 1872[53]
Jun 1874: James and Thomas Bugg (presumably James and Charlotte’s sons) ran in a 150-yard foot-race at the Denison Diggings, coming third and fourth respectively[54]
Dec 1874: James Bugg among signatories to request that Captain W. Watson allow himself to be nominated for the Williams Electorate, 7 Dec 1874; Watson agreed to do so[55]
1 Jul 1879: James Bugg, farmer, died at Monkerai aged “77 years and eight months”; buried 3 Jul at Stroud[56]
See also James Bugg - Australian Agricultural Company
Sources:
[1] Reaney, A Dictionary of British Surnames
[2] Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.1
[3] Morning Chronicle (London) 22 Jul 1825; Convict Transportation Registers [Ancestry.com], extracted from [SRNSW ref: PRO Reel 88; HO 11/5; Convict Indent – Sesostris 1826: James Brigg [SRNSW ref: 4/4011 p.31; Fiche 660]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, pp.1 & 17
[4] Convict Indent – Sesostris 1826: James Brigg [SRNSW ref: 4/4011 p.31; Fiche 660]; Journal of the Convict Ship Sesostris, Mr John Dulhunty, Surgeon and Superintendent [http://www.dulhunty.com/html/Dpc21.htm] extracted from Surgeon’s Journal [SRNSW ref: PRO Reel 3209: ADM 101/67]; CSIL: Petition – James Bugg, 1840 [SRNSW ref: 4/2413 No. 40/7972]
[5] Despatches from NSW to London (AACo London Office) – A List of Prisoners assigned to the Australian Agricultural Company from the commencement of their establishment to 30 April 1828: James Brigg, 15 Jan 1827 [NBAC ref: 78/1/7 fol.96]; CSIL: Petition – James Bugg, 1840 [SRNSW ref: 4/2413 No. 40/7972]; Sainty & Johnson, Census – November 1828, Entry B2318; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, pp.2-5
[6] Baptism: Mary Ann Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol.23 No.1494; Reel 5005]; Death Certificate: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535]
[7] Baptism: Mary Ann Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol.23 No.1494; Reel 5005]; Maitland Gaol - Entrance Book: Mary Ann Ward, 1866 [SRNSW ref: 5/790 – 1866 No.115; Reel 2370]; CSIL: From J. Edward Ebsworth, 25 Feb 1839 [SRNSW ref: 4/2455.2 No. 39/2522]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535], James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1879/8485] & Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM ref: 1905/5831]
[8] Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[9] Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[10] Australian 22 May 1835 p.2, 12 Jun p.2 (x2), 28 Aug 1835 p.2; SydneyGazette 30 May 1835 p.4, 4 Jun p.2, 11 Jun p.2, 13 Jun pp.2 & 4, 18 Jun p.2, 27 Jun pp.2 (x2), 1 Oct p.2, 6 Oct 1835 p.2; Sydney Herald 1 Jun 1835 p.3, 4 Jun p.2, 11 Jun p.2, 15 Jun p.2, 3 Aug p.3, 27 Aug p.3, 3 Sep 1835 p.2; Monitor 3 Jun 1835 p.3, 13 Jun p.2, 26 Aug 1835 p.4; Colonist 4 Jun 1835 p.181, 11 Jun p.188, 18 Jun p.198, 2 Jul 1835 p.213; HobartTownCourier 3 Jul 1835 p.4; CSIL: re murders at Mackenzie’s station & apprehension of perpetrators, 1835-36 [SRNSW ref: 4/2332.2 File 36/8478; also 4/2285.1 No. 35/7399; also 4/2284.1 No.35/7695]; Despatches from NSW to London (AACo London Office): Extract from Despatch No. 11, AACo Commissioner Colonel Henry Dumaresq to the Governor and Court of Directors London, 12 Jun 1835 [NBAC ref: 78/1/15, ff. 289-91]; SRNSW ref: Original Documents on Aborigines and Law, 1797-1840: Trial of the native Charley Book. R v Charley: 1835 – Published by the Centre for Comparative Law History and Governance of Macquarie University, and State Records NSW [http://www.law.mq.edu.au/scnsw/Correspondence/36.htm] extracted from Miscellaneous correspondence relating to Aborigines [SRNSW ref: 5/1161 No. 36]; Darlinghurst Gaol - Entrance Book: Charley [SRNSW ref: 4/6436 Year 1835 No. 1506; Reel 852] & Darlinghurst Gaol - Description Book [SRNSW ref: 4/6297 Year 1835 No. 1506; Reel 855]; Colonial Secretary – Letters to Sheriff: Re Charley, 1835 [SRNSW ref: 4/3899 p.290 No.35/153, pp.290-91 No.35/154, p.293 No.35/158, p.294 Nos.35/159 & 35/160, p.300 No.35/171; Reel 1063]; Convict Death Register: Re James Beachan, Richard Grey, Laurence Kennedy & Alfred Simmons, died 13 May 1835 [SRNSW ref: 4/4549 pp.14, 85, ?, 195; Fiche 749-51]; Massacre of Aborigines by Douglas Rye published in NewcastleMorningHerald 25 Jul 1964 [http://www.newcastle.edu.au/service/archives/aboriginalstudies/pdf/rye1964.pdf]; Mission to the Aborigines: Annual Report of the Aboriginal Mission of Lake Macquarie, NSW, 1835 by L.E. Threlked, 2 Dec 1835 in NSW Legislative Council Votes & Proceedings 1824-1838 (see also Supreme Court of NSW: Memoranda selected from 24 years of missionary engagements in the S.S. Islands and Australia by L.E. Threlkeld: 5th Report – Annual report of the Aboriginal Mission at Lake Macquarie, NSW, 1835 [SRNSW ref: 5/1123; COD 554] ; also other CSIL correspondence associated with the Williams River troubles [SRNSW ref: 4/2284.1 No. 35/4270; & 4/2285.1 No.35/4405; & 4/2281.2 No.35/4769]
[11] CSOL: to Principal Superintendent of Convicts re James Brigg and others, 5 Oct 1835 [SRNSW ref: 4/3681 p.315 No. 35/532; Reel 1049]; Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[12] Baptism – John Bugg, 1839 [SRNSW ref: Vol. 23 No. 1495; Reel 5005]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535] & James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1879/8485]; Sydney Morning Herald 15 Jun 1868 p.4 (from Goulburn Herald, 13 Jun 1868); Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.20; Death Certificate: John Bug [RBDM ref: 1868/ 4080 – not sighted]
[13] Butlin et al, General Return of Convicts in NSW 1837, Entry 2551
[14] Commissioner Colonel Henry Dumaresq’s Letter Book, Set 1836-Jan 1838: Colonel Dumaresq to Edward Robins, 20 Nov 1837 [NBAC ref: 117/8/1 ff.291-2]; CSIL: H. Dumaresq to Rev. W. Cowper, 2 Dec 1837 & H Dumaresq to Colonial Secretary, 1 Jan 1838 [SRNSW ref: 4/2404.1 No. 38/101 & Enclosure] & T.C. Harrington to H Dumaresq, 5 Feb 1838 [SRNSW ref: 4/2455.2 No. 39/2522 with enclosure numbered 38/101]; ‘Dumaresq, Henry’ in ADB Vol.1 pp.333-5; Jillian Oppenheimer’s Colonel Dumaresq, Captain Thunderbolt and Mary Ann Brigg in Push from the Bush, No.16 (1983), pp.18-23
[15]NSW Government Gazette 1838 p.57
[16] Lord Glenelg to Sir George Gipps, 12 Jan 1838 with Enclosures in Historical Records of Australia, Series 1, Vol. 19, pp.744-8, 753-4
[17] Rev William M. Cowper to Lord Bishop of Australia, 28 Sep 1838 in The Aborigines Question: Report from the Committee on the Aborigines Question with the Minutes of Evidence (ordered to be printed 12 Oct 1838) in NSW Legislative Council: Votes & Proceedings, 1838
[18] Baptisms – Mary Ann & John Bugg, 1839 [SRNSW ref: Vol. 23 Nos. 1494-5; Reel 5005]
[19] CSIL: J. Edward Ebsworth to Colonial Secretary, 25 Feb 1839 [SRNSW ref: 4/2455.2 No. 39/2522]
[20] Marriage Certificate: Eliza Bugg [RBDM ref: 1858/1704]; Death Certificates: Eliza Tuncheon & Charlotte Bugg & James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1905/5176 & 1861/4535 & 1879/8485]; Birth Certificates: Mary E.C. Shung, John T. Shung, William Shung, Charles Shung, Joseph E. Fun Shun, Charlotte J. Tunchon, unnamed Tunchon [RBDM ref: 1858/6773 & 1859/7131 & 1861/7174 & 1863/7385 & 1867//00015119 & 1870//00015957 & 1873/0017404]; Baptism: Anne Tunchon, 9 Oct 1880 in CE Stroud; Birth details for twin sons born 1873 from midwife Mrs J.J. Banks’ notebook (photocopy provided by Peter Tunchon without a source-reference); Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby
[21] CSIL: Petition – James Bugg [SRNSW ref: 4/2413 No. 40/7972]; CSOL: to Principal Superintendent of Convicts re James Brigg & others, 3 Sep 1840 [SRNSW ref: 4/3688 pp.243-4 No.40/525; Reel 1052]
[22] Baptism: William Bugg, 1848 [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1200; Reel 5018]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg & William Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1896/4206]; Marriage Certificate: William Bugg [RBDM ref: 1864/1943]; National Indigenous Times, Issue 151, 17 Apr 2008 [http://www.nit.com.au/opinion/story.aspx?id=14660]; Pioneers Index for birth registrations of children; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby
[23] Conditional Pardon – James Brigg, 1841 [SRNSW ref: 4/4440 No. 42/140; Reel 779]; Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[24] Aborigines and colonists: Aborigines and colonial society in New South Wales in the 1830's and 1840'sby R.H.W. Reece, University of Sydney Press, Sydney, 1974, p.206; a reference to James Bugg’s unsuccessful attempt to marry Charlotte reported in Windsor & Richmond Gazette 18 Nov 1927
[25] Baptism: James Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1201; Reel 5018]; Death Certificates: Charlotte & James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1879/8485]; Pioneers Index; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby
[26] Baptism: Jane Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1202; Reel 5018]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg & James Bugg & Jane Relf [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1879/8485 & 1885/9970]; Marriage Certificate: Evangeliot Relf & Jane Bugg [RBDM ref: 1872/3257 – not seen]; Pioneers Index for birth registrations of children
[27] Maitland Mercury 11 Nov 1846 p.1
[28] CSIL: Re James Bugg [SRNSW ref: 4/2761 No. 47/3479]; Maitland Mercury 30 Jun 1847 p.4
[29] Baptism: Elizabeth Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1203; Reel 5018]; Death Certificate: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535]; Marriage: George Rudkin & Elizabeth Bugg [RBDM ref: 1875/3858]; Pioneers Index for birth registrations of children and George Rudkin’s remarriage
[30] NSW Government Gazette 1847 p.1223
[31] Marriage: Edmund Baker & Mary Ann Bugg [RBDM ref: Vol. 33 No.518]
[32] Marriage: James Bugg & Charlotte [SRNSW ref: Vol. 78 No. 607; Reel 5030]; Baptisms of children [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 Nos. 1200-3; Reel 5018]
[33] Draft map of Port Stephens Estate and District, circa 1848, by PG King (1/464 Map A38); Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.18 (no further source-referencing)
[34] Baptism: Thomas Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 53 No. 904; Reel 5019]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg & Thomas Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1903/00013656]
[35] Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.18 (no source-reference)
[36] Ticket of Leave: James Brigg [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.19
[37] Baptism: Thomas Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 53 No. 904; Reel 5019]
[38] Letter from Asst General James Charles White to General Superintendent, 1 Jun 1885 [NBAC ref: 1/153/2 (1855-1860)]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.18 (no source references)
[39] Maitland Mercury 17 Nov 1855 p.3
[40] Maitland Mercury 17 Nov 1855 p.3; also 1 Dec 1855 p.1
[41] Australian Agricultural Company – Lease Agreements: Church & School Lands: Lease Agreement No.4, 1 Sep 1853 of 2320 acres in Parish of Trevor, Lots 10, 11 & 12 [NBAC ref: 1/50/1-4]; Despatches from NSW to London (AACo London Office): Church & School Estate – Return of Lands and Tenements leased from A.A.Company commencing 1 March 1856: James Bugg, 1 Sep 1857 [NBAC ref: 78/1/29 f.128-9]; Australian Agricultural Company Correspondence: Return shewing the Lands of the Church and School Estate sublet by the Australian Agricultural Company, signed by Surveyor George Ogden, 27 Mar 1862: James Bugg [NBAC ref: 1/144/2 (1859-63)]; Australian Agricultural Company Correspondence: Return shewing the Lands of the Church and School Estate in the occupation of the Australian Agricultural Company, signed by Surveyor George Ogden, 27 Mar 1862 [NBAC ref: 1/144/2 (1859-63)]
[42] Death Certificate: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535]
[43] Australian Agricultural Company Correspondence: Church and School Lands sublet by the Australian Agricultural Company, 31 Dec 1862 [NBAC ref: 1/144/2 (1859-63)]
[44] Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, pp.20 & 21
[45] Maitland Mercury 9 Jul 1863 p.1
[46] Maitland Mercury 11 Feb 1869 p.1
[47] NSW Electoral Roll – The Williams: James Bugg, No.101
[48] Australian Agricultural Company Lease Ledger: Register of Leases: Church and School Estate: James Bugg [NBAC ref: 1/218 Lease No. 17]
[49] Australian Agricultural Company – Lease Agreements: Church & School Lands: Lease Agreement No.4, 1 Sep 1853 of 2320 acres in Parish of Trevor, Lots 10, 11 & 12 [NBAC ref: 1/50/8-11]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.21; Birrell quote from Manning Valley – Landscape and settlement 1824-1900 by W.K. Birrell, Jacaranda, Sydney, 1987
[50] NSW Electoral Roll – The Williams: James Bugg, No.171
[51] Maitland Mercury 2 March 1871 p.1
[52] Greville’s 1872 Post Office Directory, transcribed by Kathy Pearson
[http://www.addison.homedns.org/transcriptions/grevilles/names_a_to_z/b.htm]
[53] Maitland Mercury 27 Feb 1872 p.1
[54] Maitland Mercury 11 Jun 1874 p.4
[55] Maitland Mercury 12 Dec 1874 p.1
[56] Death Certificate: James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1879/8485]
[1] Reaney, A Dictionary of British Surnames
[2] Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.1
[3] Morning Chronicle (London) 22 Jul 1825; Convict Transportation Registers [Ancestry.com], extracted from [SRNSW ref: PRO Reel 88; HO 11/5; Convict Indent – Sesostris 1826: James Brigg [SRNSW ref: 4/4011 p.31; Fiche 660]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, pp.1 & 17
[4] Convict Indent – Sesostris 1826: James Brigg [SRNSW ref: 4/4011 p.31; Fiche 660]; Journal of the Convict Ship Sesostris, Mr John Dulhunty, Surgeon and Superintendent [http://www.dulhunty.com/html/Dpc21.htm] extracted from Surgeon’s Journal [SRNSW ref: PRO Reel 3209: ADM 101/67]; CSIL: Petition – James Bugg, 1840 [SRNSW ref: 4/2413 No. 40/7972]
[5] Despatches from NSW to London (AACo London Office) – A List of Prisoners assigned to the Australian Agricultural Company from the commencement of their establishment to 30 April 1828: James Brigg, 15 Jan 1827 [NBAC ref: 78/1/7 fol.96]; CSIL: Petition – James Bugg, 1840 [SRNSW ref: 4/2413 No. 40/7972]; Sainty & Johnson, Census – November 1828, Entry B2318; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, pp.2-5
[6] Baptism: Mary Ann Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol.23 No.1494; Reel 5005]; Death Certificate: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535]
[7] Baptism: Mary Ann Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol.23 No.1494; Reel 5005]; Maitland Gaol - Entrance Book: Mary Ann Ward, 1866 [SRNSW ref: 5/790 – 1866 No.115; Reel 2370]; CSIL: From J. Edward Ebsworth, 25 Feb 1839 [SRNSW ref: 4/2455.2 No. 39/2522]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535], James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1879/8485] & Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM ref: 1905/5831]
[8] Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[9] Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[10] Australian 22 May 1835 p.2, 12 Jun p.2 (x2), 28 Aug 1835 p.2; SydneyGazette 30 May 1835 p.4, 4 Jun p.2, 11 Jun p.2, 13 Jun pp.2 & 4, 18 Jun p.2, 27 Jun pp.2 (x2), 1 Oct p.2, 6 Oct 1835 p.2; Sydney Herald 1 Jun 1835 p.3, 4 Jun p.2, 11 Jun p.2, 15 Jun p.2, 3 Aug p.3, 27 Aug p.3, 3 Sep 1835 p.2; Monitor 3 Jun 1835 p.3, 13 Jun p.2, 26 Aug 1835 p.4; Colonist 4 Jun 1835 p.181, 11 Jun p.188, 18 Jun p.198, 2 Jul 1835 p.213; HobartTownCourier 3 Jul 1835 p.4; CSIL: re murders at Mackenzie’s station & apprehension of perpetrators, 1835-36 [SRNSW ref: 4/2332.2 File 36/8478; also 4/2285.1 No. 35/7399; also 4/2284.1 No.35/7695]; Despatches from NSW to London (AACo London Office): Extract from Despatch No. 11, AACo Commissioner Colonel Henry Dumaresq to the Governor and Court of Directors London, 12 Jun 1835 [NBAC ref: 78/1/15, ff. 289-91]; SRNSW ref: Original Documents on Aborigines and Law, 1797-1840: Trial of the native Charley Book. R v Charley: 1835 – Published by the Centre for Comparative Law History and Governance of Macquarie University, and State Records NSW [http://www.law.mq.edu.au/scnsw/Correspondence/36.htm] extracted from Miscellaneous correspondence relating to Aborigines [SRNSW ref: 5/1161 No. 36]; Darlinghurst Gaol - Entrance Book: Charley [SRNSW ref: 4/6436 Year 1835 No. 1506; Reel 852] & Darlinghurst Gaol - Description Book [SRNSW ref: 4/6297 Year 1835 No. 1506; Reel 855]; Colonial Secretary – Letters to Sheriff: Re Charley, 1835 [SRNSW ref: 4/3899 p.290 No.35/153, pp.290-91 No.35/154, p.293 No.35/158, p.294 Nos.35/159 & 35/160, p.300 No.35/171; Reel 1063]; Convict Death Register: Re James Beachan, Richard Grey, Laurence Kennedy & Alfred Simmons, died 13 May 1835 [SRNSW ref: 4/4549 pp.14, 85, ?, 195; Fiche 749-51]; Massacre of Aborigines by Douglas Rye published in NewcastleMorningHerald 25 Jul 1964 [http://www.newcastle.edu.au/service/archives/aboriginalstudies/pdf/rye1964.pdf]; Mission to the Aborigines: Annual Report of the Aboriginal Mission of Lake Macquarie, NSW, 1835 by L.E. Threlked, 2 Dec 1835 in NSW Legislative Council Votes & Proceedings 1824-1838 (see also Supreme Court of NSW: Memoranda selected from 24 years of missionary engagements in the S.S. Islands and Australia by L.E. Threlkeld: 5th Report – Annual report of the Aboriginal Mission at Lake Macquarie, NSW, 1835 [SRNSW ref: 5/1123; COD 554] ; also other CSIL correspondence associated with the Williams River troubles [SRNSW ref: 4/2284.1 No. 35/4270; & 4/2285.1 No.35/4405; & 4/2281.2 No.35/4769]
[11] CSOL: to Principal Superintendent of Convicts re James Brigg and others, 5 Oct 1835 [SRNSW ref: 4/3681 p.315 No. 35/532; Reel 1049]; Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[12] Baptism – John Bugg, 1839 [SRNSW ref: Vol. 23 No. 1495; Reel 5005]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535] & James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1879/8485]; Sydney Morning Herald 15 Jun 1868 p.4 (from Goulburn Herald, 13 Jun 1868); Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.20; Death Certificate: John Bug [RBDM ref: 1868/ 4080 – not sighted]
[13] Butlin et al, General Return of Convicts in NSW 1837, Entry 2551
[14] Commissioner Colonel Henry Dumaresq’s Letter Book, Set 1836-Jan 1838: Colonel Dumaresq to Edward Robins, 20 Nov 1837 [NBAC ref: 117/8/1 ff.291-2]; CSIL: H. Dumaresq to Rev. W. Cowper, 2 Dec 1837 & H Dumaresq to Colonial Secretary, 1 Jan 1838 [SRNSW ref: 4/2404.1 No. 38/101 & Enclosure] & T.C. Harrington to H Dumaresq, 5 Feb 1838 [SRNSW ref: 4/2455.2 No. 39/2522 with enclosure numbered 38/101]; ‘Dumaresq, Henry’ in ADB Vol.1 pp.333-5; Jillian Oppenheimer’s Colonel Dumaresq, Captain Thunderbolt and Mary Ann Brigg in Push from the Bush, No.16 (1983), pp.18-23
[15]NSW Government Gazette 1838 p.57
[16] Lord Glenelg to Sir George Gipps, 12 Jan 1838 with Enclosures in Historical Records of Australia, Series 1, Vol. 19, pp.744-8, 753-4
[17] Rev William M. Cowper to Lord Bishop of Australia, 28 Sep 1838 in The Aborigines Question: Report from the Committee on the Aborigines Question with the Minutes of Evidence (ordered to be printed 12 Oct 1838) in NSW Legislative Council: Votes & Proceedings, 1838
[18] Baptisms – Mary Ann & John Bugg, 1839 [SRNSW ref: Vol. 23 Nos. 1494-5; Reel 5005]
[19] CSIL: J. Edward Ebsworth to Colonial Secretary, 25 Feb 1839 [SRNSW ref: 4/2455.2 No. 39/2522]
[20] Marriage Certificate: Eliza Bugg [RBDM ref: 1858/1704]; Death Certificates: Eliza Tuncheon & Charlotte Bugg & James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1905/5176 & 1861/4535 & 1879/8485]; Birth Certificates: Mary E.C. Shung, John T. Shung, William Shung, Charles Shung, Joseph E. Fun Shun, Charlotte J. Tunchon, unnamed Tunchon [RBDM ref: 1858/6773 & 1859/7131 & 1861/7174 & 1863/7385 & 1867//00015119 & 1870//00015957 & 1873/0017404]; Baptism: Anne Tunchon, 9 Oct 1880 in CE Stroud; Birth details for twin sons born 1873 from midwife Mrs J.J. Banks’ notebook (photocopy provided by Peter Tunchon without a source-reference); Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby
[21] CSIL: Petition – James Bugg [SRNSW ref: 4/2413 No. 40/7972]; CSOL: to Principal Superintendent of Convicts re James Brigg & others, 3 Sep 1840 [SRNSW ref: 4/3688 pp.243-4 No.40/525; Reel 1052]
[22] Baptism: William Bugg, 1848 [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1200; Reel 5018]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg & William Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1896/4206]; Marriage Certificate: William Bugg [RBDM ref: 1864/1943]; National Indigenous Times, Issue 151, 17 Apr 2008 [http://www.nit.com.au/opinion/story.aspx?id=14660]; Pioneers Index for birth registrations of children; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby
[23] Conditional Pardon – James Brigg, 1841 [SRNSW ref: 4/4440 No. 42/140; Reel 779]; Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[24] Aborigines and colonists: Aborigines and colonial society in New South Wales in the 1830's and 1840'sby R.H.W. Reece, University of Sydney Press, Sydney, 1974, p.206; a reference to James Bugg’s unsuccessful attempt to marry Charlotte reported in Windsor & Richmond Gazette 18 Nov 1927
[25] Baptism: James Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1201; Reel 5018]; Death Certificates: Charlotte & James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1879/8485]; Pioneers Index; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby
[26] Baptism: Jane Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1202; Reel 5018]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg & James Bugg & Jane Relf [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1879/8485 & 1885/9970]; Marriage Certificate: Evangeliot Relf & Jane Bugg [RBDM ref: 1872/3257 – not seen]; Pioneers Index for birth registrations of children
[27] Maitland Mercury 11 Nov 1846 p.1
[28] CSIL: Re James Bugg [SRNSW ref: 4/2761 No. 47/3479]; Maitland Mercury 30 Jun 1847 p.4
[29] Baptism: Elizabeth Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1203; Reel 5018]; Death Certificate: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535]; Marriage: George Rudkin & Elizabeth Bugg [RBDM ref: 1875/3858]; Pioneers Index for birth registrations of children and George Rudkin’s remarriage
[30] NSW Government Gazette 1847 p.1223
[31] Marriage: Edmund Baker & Mary Ann Bugg [RBDM ref: Vol. 33 No.518]
[32] Marriage: James Bugg & Charlotte [SRNSW ref: Vol. 78 No. 607; Reel 5030]; Baptisms of children [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 Nos. 1200-3; Reel 5018]
[33] Draft map of Port Stephens Estate and District, circa 1848, by PG King (1/464 Map A38); Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.18 (no further source-referencing)
[34] Baptism: Thomas Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 53 No. 904; Reel 5019]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg & Thomas Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1903/00013656]
[35] Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.18 (no source-reference)
[36] Ticket of Leave: James Brigg [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.19
[37] Baptism: Thomas Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 53 No. 904; Reel 5019]
[38] Letter from Asst General James Charles White to General Superintendent, 1 Jun 1885 [NBAC ref: 1/153/2 (1855-1860)]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.18 (no source references)
[39] Maitland Mercury 17 Nov 1855 p.3
[40] Maitland Mercury 17 Nov 1855 p.3; also 1 Dec 1855 p.1
[41] Australian Agricultural Company – Lease Agreements: Church & School Lands: Lease Agreement No.4, 1 Sep 1853 of 2320 acres in Parish of Trevor, Lots 10, 11 & 12 [NBAC ref: 1/50/1-4]; Despatches from NSW to London (AACo London Office): Church & School Estate – Return of Lands and Tenements leased from A.A.Company commencing 1 March 1856: James Bugg, 1 Sep 1857 [NBAC ref: 78/1/29 f.128-9]; Australian Agricultural Company Correspondence: Return shewing the Lands of the Church and School Estate sublet by the Australian Agricultural Company, signed by Surveyor George Ogden, 27 Mar 1862: James Bugg [NBAC ref: 1/144/2 (1859-63)]; Australian Agricultural Company Correspondence: Return shewing the Lands of the Church and School Estate in the occupation of the Australian Agricultural Company, signed by Surveyor George Ogden, 27 Mar 1862 [NBAC ref: 1/144/2 (1859-63)]
[42] Death Certificate: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535]
[43] Australian Agricultural Company Correspondence: Church and School Lands sublet by the Australian Agricultural Company, 31 Dec 1862 [NBAC ref: 1/144/2 (1859-63)]
[44] Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, pp.20 & 21
[45] Maitland Mercury 9 Jul 1863 p.1
[46] Maitland Mercury 11 Feb 1869 p.1
[47] NSW Electoral Roll – The Williams: James Bugg, No.101
[48] Australian Agricultural Company Lease Ledger: Register of Leases: Church and School Estate: James Bugg [NBAC ref: 1/218 Lease No. 17]
[49] Australian Agricultural Company – Lease Agreements: Church & School Lands: Lease Agreement No.4, 1 Sep 1853 of 2320 acres in Parish of Trevor, Lots 10, 11 & 12 [NBAC ref: 1/50/8-11]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.21; Birrell quote from Manning Valley – Landscape and settlement 1824-1900 by W.K. Birrell, Jacaranda, Sydney, 1987
[50] NSW Electoral Roll – The Williams: James Bugg, No.171
[51] Maitland Mercury 2 March 1871 p.1
[52] Greville’s 1872 Post Office Directory, transcribed by Kathy Pearson
[http://www.addison.homedns.org/transcriptions/grevilles/names_a_to_z/b.htm]
[53] Maitland Mercury 27 Feb 1872 p.1
[54] Maitland Mercury 11 Jun 1874 p.4
[55] Maitland Mercury 12 Dec 1874 p.1
[56] Death Certificate: James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1879/8485]
Bibliography
Butlin, N.G. Cromwell, C.W., Suthern, K.L. (eds.) General Return of Convicts in NSW 1837, ABGR, Sydney, 1987
Oppenheimer, Jillian 'Thunderbolt's Mary Ann - An Aboriginal Bushranger' in JRAHS Vol. 78, Pts 3 & 4 (1992), pp.92-107
Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of British Surnames, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1958
Sainty, M.R. & Johnson, K.J. (eds) Census of New South Wales - November 1828, Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1985
Tunchon, Peter 182 Years in Australia: James Bugg and Charlotte Derby of Monkerai, New South Wales, privately published Sefton Vale (VIC), 2008 (unfortunately no copies are deposited in major libraries to date)
Butlin, N.G. Cromwell, C.W., Suthern, K.L. (eds.) General Return of Convicts in NSW 1837, ABGR, Sydney, 1987
Oppenheimer, Jillian 'Thunderbolt's Mary Ann - An Aboriginal Bushranger' in JRAHS Vol. 78, Pts 3 & 4 (1992), pp.92-107
Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of British Surnames, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1958
Sainty, M.R. & Johnson, K.J. (eds) Census of New South Wales - November 1828, Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1985
Tunchon, Peter 182 Years in Australia: James Bugg and Charlotte Derby of Monkerai, New South Wales, privately published Sefton Vale (VIC), 2008 (unfortunately no copies are deposited in major libraries to date)